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    • 专利摘要:
    Thermal transmission system based on heat transfer fluids in gaseous and liquid state (two-phase) that takes advantage of their thermodynamic qualities, with greater efficiency and effectiveness over current thermal transport systems. The basic system consists of a hermetic circuit formed by heat receiver (1) that heats the fluid, an emitter (2) that receives the heat from the fluid as steam through the flow pipe (4), condensing and returning through the return pipe (5) back to the heat sink (1) as liquid. Being adaptable to current thermo-solar energy systems or other heat sources, for use in air conditioning, sanitary hot water or other environments where an efficient and efficient thermal transfer is required in homes, machines and industrial environments. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2677269A1
    申请号:ES201730102
    申请日:2017-01-31
    公开日:2018-07-31
    发明作者:Jesús LUCAS PUERTO
    申请人:Jesús LUCAS PUERTO；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    BIFASSIC THERMAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM TECHNICAL SECTOR
    This invention is framed within thermal transmission systems by heat transfer fluids spaced through a network of conduits, for use that includes industries such as thermo-solar, cooling and / or heating of engines and / or elements that require thermal transmission beyond the local transmission as well as air conditioning, heating, hot water generation and / or water vapor.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The strong growth and demand for energy of the last decades together with the limitation of resources, its continuous increase and, in turn, the incorporation of relatively new concepts such as ecological footprint and the wintering effect, are developing thermal transmission systems every time in a step beyond the frontier of efficiency, effectiveness and energetic sustainability.
    There have been major changes in the improvement of insulators, materials, fluids, accessories and design, although there have been few changes in thermal transfer systems, which originate mainly in two concepts. On the one hand the certification entities and the applicable legislation in thermal installations comprise a very specific field of operation in them, in their transmission systems. On the other hand, the developers of the thermal installation product invest in the evolution of their products in accordance with the applicable legislation, leaving therefore the transfer system and its evolution in an unchanging background, although, a whole new range of products can be developed from a development of it.
    The current thermal transmission systems are divided mainly into two groups, those whose thermal exchange cycle develops with a heat transfer fluid in a single state (single phase), generally as liquids and those in
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    which its heat transfer fluid is presented in two (biphasic) states, generally as liquid vapor.
    The two-phase systems basically consist of two systems, those based generally on boilers or exchangers of continuous evaporation of demineralized water and those that compress-decompress a vapor-liquid by means of a motor (compressor). The former, as described above, have boilers or exchangers of continuous evaporation of demineralized water at 100 ° C together with a steam superheater whose final temperature adapts to the needs, with pressures always higher than atmospheric, transferring by high pressure and steam / gas temperature at the points of use-exchange and subsequently discarded into the environment or returned to the generation point, in a semi-closed or open cycle depending on the installation, transferring heat and mechanical energy in some cases throughout the process . In these systems lies the disadvantage of being obliged to maintain high temperatures, higher than 120 ° C to avoid saturation in the circuit, even if there is no demand or it is low, being very inefficient in this state because the various losses tend to stay linear by system operating time. The second group, those that compress-decompress a vapor, generally use heat-carrying fluids referred to as refrigerant fluids, gaseous at ambient temperatures and pressures, in a closed hermetic circuit, where, under the mechanical action of a compressor element they are compressed and liquefied, yielding heat to the reference system 1, and subsequently conducted and expanded again absorbing heat from the reference system 2, its range of primary exchange temperatures are limited to approximate ranges of -40 ° C to 60 ° C, consume great energy during the process Due to the great mechanical work of the compressor, they also have thermal losses due to friction in it and those due to the conversion of electrical energy into mechanics by their motor.
    The other group, the most common and most widely used are those systems that work with a heat transfer fluid or mixture of fluids in a liquid state and pressures higher than atmospheric. In general, they are based on the semi-closed circulation of additives demineralized water, which being cooled or heated to minimum and maximum temperatures between 3 ° C and 90 ° C in a cooling device or boiler respectively, is circulated, thus giving up energy Calories all those points of use-exchange. This system has the disadvantages of requiring elements of permanent acceleration of the fluid to flow to the points of use, such as
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    circulating pumps, and since the kinematic water viscosity Kquida is relatively high, there are large losses in the forced circulation of the fluid associated with the mechanical work of the circulating pump, in addition to a large dimensioning of the conduits in relation to that same phenomenon, although it also requires the installation of elements that allow the expansion of the incompressible nature of the liquids according to the temperature variations thereof. Gravity and changes in liquid density are also used in some cases according to their temperature (thermosiphon effect), although they do not require a mechanical element accelerating the fluid, the kinematic viscosity of the liquid together with the small variation in the density of the same for each degree of temperature, makes this system a bad alternative when efficiency and effectiveness are requirements to be taken into account, since they require high emitter-receiver temperature gradients and therefore high thermal losses in the emitter.
    As you can see a single phase (liquid) thermal transmission system although conceptually its theoretical operation is simple, it is not so its installation and continuous service since it requires various elements that decrease its efficiency, effectiveness, reliability, durability and intrinsic safety.
    Therefore, it is the object of the present invention to develop a thermal transmission system that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks, developing a system such as the one described below and is reflected in its essentiality in the first revindication.
    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    Having said the above and taking into account, among others, the difficulties presented in the current technique, the invention constitutes a two-phase thermal transmission system with improved characteristics to the previous ones, based on the technique of thermal exploitation of the tendency to thermodynamic equilibrium of fluids and Your steam pressure
    Considering first, that all liquid / steam absorbs / yields a large amount of energy in the form of heat based on a change from liquid state to steam or vapor to liquid, in process that is quantified with the physical concept of latent heat of a fluid based on its enthalpy of change of state, and that this design also uses not only energy in the form of heat based on its change of state of its fluid but
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    also its specific heat in both states. Therefore, it is a hybrid system of the previous ones that has outstanding characteristics between both gas-vapor and liquid thermal transfer systems at the same time.
    Considering that any liquid is capable of being evaporated in the absolute ford from the known as triple point, that there are infinite molecular groups both pure and mixed that are stable and safe liquids with calorific capacities, serving as an example, liquid water, which weighs It seems striking, it has a boiling temperature in the ford of 1 ° C. On the other hand, liquids in a liquid state confined in a constant volume can maintain their liquid state at very high temperatures since their own steam balances the pressure to a stable point or what is known as thermodynamic vapor pressure equilibrium, if Well this effect has a limit at a point known as the critical point, where the vapor-liquid cannot coexist as clearly differentiated elements, in case of water this point is from 22 Mpa. of pressure and 374 ° C. Therefore, pure water can be used, as an example in this two-phase thermal transfer system with an operating temperature range of 1 - 374 ° C.
    Together these concepts, and considering a single constant volume equal to the sum of several volumes distanced in space, but connected to each other by means of pipes, describes what then composes the inventive innovation with industrial application as a thermal transfer system .
    Basic system components:
    - A heat transfer fluid capable of existing in the range of temperatures and operating pressures in two states (liquid and steam).
    - A heat emitter with thermal transfer capacity to the fluid (steam) (radiator, exchanger, serpentm, fan coil, split, etc).
    - A heat receiver with thermal transfer capacity to a fluid (liquid) within a closed system (solar collector, boiler, encapsulated electrical resistance, motor, device to be cooled).
    - Round trip interconnection pipes.
    - Load / service valve.
    - The acceleration of the fluid in a liquid state towards the receiver by the gravitational action or other device that replaces it.
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    The functional explanation of the invention starts by considering the physical elements that constitute the total volume of the thermal transmission installation, as set out in the figures and as claimed, therefore the receiver, transmitter, outgoing pipe, pipe of return and valve of load in closed position, form a unique closed and hermetic volume. Together these, it would be necessary to understand the heat transfer fluid as a fluid that may exist within the range of operation, as a liquid in the liquid state and vapor (two-phase), therefore, free to occupy the entire volume of the installation in its liquid form and soda, which in practice is achieved by emptying the system and its subsequent integration by means of the load / service valve, or by integrating the fluid previously, and bringing it to a temperature at which its vapor pressure is higher than atmospheric and purge the air contained by accessories added for this purpose, such as traps.
    Once the installation gathers the basic elements as claimed in such a way, that it is calculated that the volumetric capacity of the heat receiver is occupied of the fluid in a liquid state and with free steam output, therefore leaving the rest of the installation occupied by the vapor of the fluid, this will tend to constantly balance its thermodynamic state of pressure and temperature, henceforth PT, as long as T> P is complied with with respect to its characteristic curve of thermodynamic equilibrium PT saturation, considering as pure heat fluid, or those azeotropic and zeotropic mixtures.
    Taking into account the above and from it, the circuit obeys three different possibilities of operation:
    - Operation 1, temperature of the heat receiver equal to that of the heat emitter:
    The fluid in the receiver is at the same temperature as the emitter, both being coincident with the equilibrium vapor pressure for a given temperature, there is no thermal exchange and the system remains in thermodynamic equilibrium with its own vapor.
    - Operation 2, the heat receiver is at a higher temperature than the heat emitter:
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    In this case, the fluid contained in the receiver receives energy in the form of heat, increasing its temperature and pressure according to its characteristic PT diagram, but because the steam is free to circulate towards the heat emitter with lower pressure and temperature, fulfilling the thermodynamic imbalance in the T> P receptor, this thermodynamic deviation of the fluid in the receiver is compensated by evaporation of the fluid, whose molecules with more energy are vaporized and transferred as saturated steam or superheated steam due to pressure differences across the pipes going to the emitter / s, transporting energy qualifies equal to the enthalpy of vaporization characteristic of the fluid plus the specific heat of the superheated steam.
    Once the steam has reached the emitter, the inverse thermodynamic phenomenon occurs to the receiver (T <P of thermodynamic equilibrium), the vapor molecules in contact with the surface of the emitter yield calorific energy, condense, decrease their volume and therefore creates a depression that is compensated with the arrival of more steam from the receiver (dramatically), therefore in the emitter heat energy is delivered based on its enthalpy of condensation, specific heat vapor phase and specific heat in liquid phase.
    When liquefied, there is a supply of steam from the receiver, a large difference in vapor-liquid densities, and a difference in height between the two, the design of the circuit together with the action of gravity (or another device that replaces it), the fluid returns to the receiver where the cycle is repeated until it reaches the state of thermodynamic equilibrium PT or the temperature of the receiver is reached T <P equilibrium.
    - Operation 3, the heat receiver is at a lower temperature than the heat emitter:
    In this case, considering that the thermodynamic imbalance T> P is met in the emitter, the inverse phenomenon does not occur because there are no liquid molecules in the liquid state that vaporize and perform the cycle, there is a difference in densities in the phase emitter-receiver steam, but the circulation based on that difference is blocked by the same density of the liquid in its return pipe that does not allow steam to flow to the receiver, so the inverse thermal exchange from emitter to receiver is zero.
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    Thanks to the characteristics described, a thermal transmission system is achieved that
    widely innovates the current technique, possessing an extended industrial applicability
    with the following characteristics that among others includes:
    - It is exempt in its basic form from permanent rotary moving parts and / or circulation pumps, therefore, it has greater reliability and efficiency than liquid phase systems with such elements.
    - Very low maintenance, without loss or reposition of fluid, less accessories to maintain.
    - Adaptability to certain facilities that were previously designed to work with thermal transmission systems in a liquid state.
    - High rates of thermal transfer due to the low kinematic viscosity of heat transfer vapor, low thermal gradients between emitter-receiver even over long distances> 25m.
    - Wide ranges of temperature and operating pressure as well as applicability for infinity of pure heat transfer fluids and mixtures (Water, methanol, butane, hexane, ethylene glycol ...) It does not require additional expansion devices, because the contained vapor is a compressible fluid before the liquid expansion.
    - Hermetic.
    - Operating capacity at pressures both higher and lower than atmospheric.
    - The diameters of the necessary transfer pipes are smaller in size, comparing the same thermal transport capacity of the traditional liquid phase systems due to the low kinematic viscosity of the heat transfer vapor of this system.
    - They have superior efficiency and effectiveness in thermal transmission per kg of transmitted fluid compared to forced circulated systems as well as thermal convection (thermosiphon)
    - Irreversibility of thermal transport between heat emitter to receiver without accessories.
    - Applicability for both emitters and multiple heat receivers installed in parallel and series.
    - Greater homogeneity in the thermal distribution in different thermal emitters affected by large differences in heights-distances to the heat sink.
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    Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific elements used herein have the meaning normally understood by a normal expert in the technique to which this invention belongs. In the practice of the present invention procedures and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used.
    Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a set of drawings is accompanied as an integral part of said description. where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
    - Figure 1 shows a basic diagram of the system with gravity operation.
    - Figure 2 shows a diagram of the system exposing its operation with several transmitters and receivers both in series and in parallel by gravity.
    - Figure 3 shows a diagram of the system exposing its operation with several emitters and receivers both in series and in parallel where a set of condensate collector plus impeller pump is implemented to give freedom of position to the heat receivers with respect to the height of The heat emitters.
    - Figure 4 shows a diagram of the system exposing its operation with several emitters and receivers both in series and in parallel where a set of condensate collector plus impeller pump is implemented to give freedom of position to the heat receivers with respect to the height of The heat emitters, as well as the concept of a series emitter, exemplify a steam superheater.
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    Below is a list of the various elements represented in the figures comprising the invention:
    1 = Heat receiver, comprising: solar collector, boiler, encapsulated electrical resistance, motor, device to be cooled ...
    2 = Heat emitter, comprising: radiator, exchanger, serpentm, fan-coil, split ...
    3 = Load valve or analog device.
    4 = Return pipe (Kido).
    5 = One-way pipe (steam).
    6 = Acceleration of gravity
    7 = A condensate collector set plus booster pump, or analog device.
    8 = A steam superheater or analog device.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    In view of the figures, a preferred embodiment of the proposed invention according to Figure 1 is described below:
    Bearing in mind that this system comprises a multitude of assumable devices such as heat sink (1) heat emitter (2) and heat transfer fluid, and that presenting this preferred embodiment of the invention according to this broad concept is not feasible in its objective of improving The understanding of the invention, together with its implementation, will propose as an example a thermo-solar installation composed of a flat solar collector as a heat receiver (1) and a heat exchanger serpentm inside a water accumulator as a heat emitter (2) and with pure methanol as heat transfer fluid.
    Starting from a structure according to specifications that provide us with a difference in heights that can be assumed according to the figure, a flat panel of solar captation (1), also in the structure in its upper part, will be installed at a lower angle with a coherent angle to the solar radiation, and above the highest level of the collector there will be an accumulator set with 300l. of water in which a serpentm type exchanger (2) is integrated, where the upper entrance to the serpentm (2) is connected by
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    Copper pipe (5) to the upper outlet of the collector (1), then a copper pipe (4) will be installed starting from the lower outlet of the serpentm (2), towards the lower input of the collector (1) also install a load / service valve (3) in the return pipe (4).
    The system will be put in ford with a tool usually known as a ford pump, previously knowing the volume data of the collector and the installed pipe, after the ford the system integrates the heat transfer fluid, the methanol being chosen (- 50 ° C «68 pa. And 136.7 ° C« 1Mpa.), In an amount approximately 80% of the volume of the collector plus the volume of the equivalent level in the return pipe, the rest being occupied by methanol in vapor state.
    Taking into account that the installation is solar, if there is incident solar radiation, the cycle will start immediately, capturing heat the fluid over the entire surface in the collector (1), evaporating at the top, transporting heat quickly through the pipe going (5) in the form of steam, reaching the serpentm (2) giving heat through it to the water, as latent and specific heat of both phases, condensing and by gravity action (6), will return through the pipe of return (4) in its liquid form to enter the trainer again and so on, until there is a thermal equilibrium between the two or ceases to be sunny in this case.
    It is further verified that this preferred embodiment is also achievable in multiple receivers and emitters in parallel according to Figure 2, and that the implementation of a condensate pump described in Figure 3 is feasible and that it is also possible to implement a steam superheater in series or another analog device according to figure 4.
    Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is noted that, within its essentiality, it may be carried out in other forms of embodiment that differ in detail from that indicated by the example rhythm. , and which will also achieve the protection sought, provided that it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
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    1.- Characterized two-phase thermal transmission system comprising:
    - A pure fluid or mixture of two or more fluids in biphasic form (liquid and steam), integrated within a closed and airtight circuit, with no other element, impurity and / or pressure in the circuit more than that coming from its own pressure of characteristic steam. With disposition and level such that at least one heat receiver (1), is available with fluid available in a liquid state that absorbs heat and therefore is evaporated, in such arrangement, that the passage of steam through a flow pipe is allowed (5) towards at least one heat emitter (2), where heat yields and is condensed in the heat emitter (2), being directed as liquid by a return pipe (4) towards the heat receiver (1) by a gravitational and / or mechanical acceleration, reaching such a level, that it allows the liquid part to absorb heat energy again.
    [2]
    2. - Biphasic thermal transmission system according to claim 1 characterized in that the heat receiver (1) is at a height with respect to the horizontal, lower than the height of the emitter (2) and as a fluid return acceleration the gravity.
    [3]
    3. - Two-phase thermal transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that the device used for accelerating the fluid in the direction of the receiver is a condensate pump (7) or analog device that pumps the condensed fluid to the heat receiver (1) both continuously and discontinuously.
    [4]
    4. - Two-phase thermal transmission system according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that at the heat receiver outlet (1) a steam superheater (8) is arranged in series to increase the steam outlet temperature above its temperature of saturation
    [5]
    5. - Two-phase thermal transmission system according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the receiver (1) is at a height with respect to the horizontal one greater than the height of the transmitter (2).
    [6]
    6. - Two-phase thermal transmission system according to one of claims 1 to 5 wherein multiple thermal receivers (1) and / or thermal emitters (2) are joined in parallel or series.
    [7]
    7. - Two-phase thermal transmission system according to one of claims 1 to 6 which
    5 contain distribution devices and control of the elements thereof, such as: Valves, distributors, detectors, thermometers, manometers, vacuometers, transmitters, thermostats, dilators, traps, visors ...
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2677269B1|2019-05-14|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    EP0125985A2|1983-05-06|1984-11-21|Soltrac Inc.|Solar heating system|
    US5257660A|1992-06-30|1993-11-02|Aaron J. Cargile|Thermal transport oscillator|
    US20060279706A1|2005-06-14|2006-12-14|Bash Cullen E|Projection system|
    CN1865828A|2006-06-12|2006-11-22|北京科技大学|Pump-free self-circulation non-vacuum split type gravity heat pipe|
    CN203964739U|2014-08-04|2014-11-26|董陈|Thermal siphon loop heat abstractor|
    法律状态:
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    优先权:
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